List of Governors of Texas

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Number of Governors of Texas by party affiliation
Party Governors
Democratic 39
Republican 6
Unionist 1
Independent 1

The following is a list of the Governors of the State of Texas. The governor is the head of the executive branch of Texas's government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Texas Legislature, and to convene the legislature. The governor may grant pardons in cases other than impeachment, but only when recommended by the Board of Pardons, or in the case of treason, with permission by the legislature.

The state's first constitution in 1845 established the office of governor, to serve for two years, but no more than four years out of every six (essentially a limit of no more than two consecutive terms).[1]. The 1861 secessionist constitution set the term state date at the first Monday in the November following the election.[2] The 1866 constitution, adopted just after the American Civil War, increased terms to four years, but no more than eight years out of every twelve, and moved the start date to the first Thursday after the organization of the legislature, or "as soon thereafter as practicable."[3] The Reconstruction constitution of 1869 removed the limit on terms,[4] and to this day, Texas is one of 14 states[5] with no gubernatorial term limit. The present constitution of 1876 shortened terms back to two years,[6] but a 1972 amendment increased it back to four years.[7]

Despite the lack of term limits, no Texas governor in the 19th or 20th century ever served more than seven and a half consecutive years in office (Allan Shivers) or eight years total service (Bill Clements, in two non-consecutive four-year terms). Current Governor Rick Perry, who took office in December 2000, has now surpassed both these records. If Perry remains in office through the end of his current term, he will become the first Texas governor to serve two consecutive four-year terms. Perry has announced his intention to run for a third term in 2010.

In case of a vacancy in the office of governor, the lieutenant governor becomes governor.[8] This was added only in a 1999 amendment, prior to which the lieutenant governor only acted as governor, except during the time of the 1861 constitution, which said that the lieutenant governor would be "styled Governor of the State of Texas" in case of vacancy.[9]

# Name Photo Took office Left office Party Lt. Governor Notes[10]
1 James Pinckney Henderson February 19, 1846 December 21, 1847 Democratic Albert Clinton Horton
2 George T. Wood December 21, 1847 December 21, 1849 Democratic John Alexander Greer
3 Peter Hansborough Bell December 21, 1849 November 23, 1853 Democratic John Alexander Greer (1849-51) [11]
James W. Henderson (1851-53)
4 James W. Henderson November 23, 1853 December 21, 1853 Democratic Vacant [12]
5 Elisha M. Pease December 21, 1853 December 21, 1857 Unionist David Catchings Dickson (1853-55)
Hardin Richard Runnels (1855-57)
6 Hardin R. Runnels December 21, 1857 December 21, 1859 Democratic Francis R. Lubbock
7 Sam Houston December 21, 1859 March 18, 1861 Independent Edward Clark [13]
8 Edward Clark March 18, 1861 November 7, 1861 Democratic [12]
9 Francis R. Lubbock November 7, 1861 November 5, 1863 Democratic
10 Pendleton Murrah November 5, 1863 June 17, 1865 Democratic Fletcher Summerfield Stockdale [14]
Fletcher Summerfield Stockdale June 11, 1865 June 16, 1865 Military [15]
11 Andrew J. Hamilton June 17, 1865 August 9, 1866 Military Vacant [16]
12 James W. Throckmorton August 9, 1866 August 8, 1867 Democratic George Washington Jones [17]
13 Elisha M. Pease June 8, 1867 September 30, 1869 Republican [17][18]
14 Edmund J. Davis January 8, 1870 January 15, 1874 Republican Vacant [19]
15 Richard Coke January 15, 1874 December 21, 1876 Democratic [20]
16 Richard B. Hubbard December 21, 1876 January 21, 1879 Democratic [12]
17 Oran M. Roberts January 21, 1879 January 16, 1883 Democratic
18 John Ireland January 16, 1883 January 20, 1887 Democratic
19 Lawrence Sullivan Ross January 18, 1887 January 20, 1891 Democratic
20 James Stephen Hogg January 20, 1891 January 15, 1895 Democratic
21 Charles A. Culberson January 15, 1895 January 17, 1899 Democratic
22 Joseph D. Sayers January 17, 1899 January 20, 1903 Democratic
23 S. W. T. Lanham January 20, 1903 January 15, 1907 Democratic
24 Thomas Mitchell Campbell January 15, 1907 January 17, 1911 Democratic
25 Oscar Branch Colquitt January 17, 1911 January 19, 1915 Democratic
26 James E. "Pa" Ferguson January 19, 1915 August 25, 1917 Democratic [21]
27 William P. Hobby August 25, 1917 January 18, 1921 Democratic [22]
28 Pat Morris Neff January 18, 1921 January 20, 1925 Democratic
29 Miriam A. "Ma" Ferguson January 20, 1925 January 17, 1927 Democratic Barry Miller
30 Dan Moody January 17, 1927 January 20, 1931 Democratic
31 Ross S. Sterling January 20, 1931 January 17, 1933 Democratic Edgar E. Witt
32 Miriam A. "Ma" Ferguson January 17, 1933 January 15, 1935 Democratic
33 James V. Allred January 15, 1935 January 17, 1939 Democratic Walter Frank Woodul
34 W. Lee O'Daniel January 17, 1939 August 4, 1941 Democratic Coke R. Stevenson [23]
35 Coke R. Stevenson August 4, 1941 January 21, 1947 Democratic Vacant (1941-43) [22]
John Lee Smith (1943-47)
36 Beauford H. Jester January 21, 1947 July 11, 1949 Democratic Allan Shivers [24]
37 Allan Shivers July 11, 1949 January 15, 1957 Democratic Vacant (1949-51) [22]
Ben Ramsey (1951-53)
38 Price Daniel January 15, 1957 January 21, 1963 Democratic Ben Ramsey
39 John Connally January 15, 1963 January 21, 1969 Democratic Preston Smith
40 Preston Smith January 21, 1969 January 16, 1973 Democratic Ben Barnes
41 Dolph Briscoe January 16, 1973 January 16, 1979 Democratic William P. Hobby, Jr.
42 Bill Clements January 16, 1979 January 18, 1983 Republican
43 Mark White January 18, 1983 January 20, 1987 Democratic
44 Bill Clements January 20, 1987 January 15, 1991 Republican
45 Ann Richards January 15, 1991 January 17, 1995 Democratic Bob Bullock
46 George W. Bush January 17, 1995 December 21, 2000 Republican Bob Bullock (1995-99) [25]
Rick Perry (1999-2000)
47 Rick Perry December 21, 2000 Incumbent Republican Bill Ratliff (acting) (2000-03) [22][26]
David Dewhurst (2003-present)

As of June 2008, four former governors were alive, the oldest being Bill Clements (1979–1983, 1987–1991, born 1917). The most recent governor to die was Ann Richards (1991–1995), on September 13, 2006.

Name Gubernatorial term Date of birth
Dolph Briscoe 1973–1979 April 23, 1923
Bill Clements 1979–1983, 1987–1991 April 17, 1917
Mark White 1983–1987 March 17, 1940
George W. Bush 1995–2000 July 6, 1946

  1. ^ 1845 Const. Art V sec 4
  2. ^ 1861 Const. art V sec 12
  3. ^ 1866 Const. art V sec 4
  4. ^ 1869 Const. Art IV sec 4)
  5. ^ Executive Branch retrieved 23-October-2008
  6. ^ TX Const. Art IV sec 4
  7. ^ http://texaspolitics.laits.utexas.edu/1_3_1.html
  8. ^ TX Const. art IV sec 16 graf d
  9. ^ 1861 Const art V sec 12
  10. ^ The fractional terms of some governors are not to be absolutely literally; rather, they are meant to show single terms during which multiple governors served, due to resignations, deaths and the like.
  11. ^ Resigned to take an elected seat in the U.S. House of Representatives.
  12. ^ a b c As lieutenant governor, filled unexpired term.
  13. ^ Evicted from office due to his refusal to swear an oath to the Confederate States of America.
  14. ^ Fled Austin as it fell to [[Union (American Civil War)|]] forces.
  15. ^ NGA says he was Lt. Gov who served after Murrah fled.
  16. ^ Provisional military governor
  17. ^ a b James Throckmorton was removed from office by General Philip Sheridan, and Elisha Pease installed in his place.
  18. ^ Resigned due to disagreements with General Joseph Reynolds.
  19. ^ Elected in a special election held under military direction.
  20. ^ Resigned to take an elected seat in the U.S. Senate.
  21. ^ Resigned due to the legislature bringing impeachment proceedings against him.
  22. ^ a b c d As lieutenant governor, filled unexpired term, and was subsequently in their own right.
  23. ^ Resigned after winning the Democratic primary for a U.S. Senate seat; he won the election.
  24. ^ Died in office.
  25. ^ Resigned to be President of the United States.
  26. ^ Governor Perry's second term expires January 18, 2011; he is not term limited.

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Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Texas"
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